Assessing environmental impact and eco-efficiency of wood waste gallon holders using life cycle assessment

The wooden furniture industry has become one of the most prominent sectors in recent years. Over the past five years, Indonesia's furniture export performance has increased by 77.9%. Despite this growth, the industry often overlooks the significant amount of wood waste it generates, which can contribute to environmental issues. Reusing wood waste offers an environmentally friendly solution, including repurposing it to produce gallon holders as part of recycling and waste reduction efforts. This study evaluates the environmental impact and eco-efficiency of gallon holder products made from wood waste using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method with SimaPro software. A comparative analysis was conducted between gallon holders made from wood waste and those made from virgin wood to identify the option with better eco-cost value. The findings revealed that products utilizing wood waste as raw material have a superior eco-cost value of IDR 171,586.523. Based on these results, two recommendations are proposed: adopting solar panels as an alternative energy source to replace conventional electricity and using biovarnish paint as a more sustainable alternative to conventional varnish.