Effect of Synthesis Conditions on The Properties of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Layered transition metal oxides (LiTMO2) are candidate cathode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries, primarily owing to their high theoretical specific capacity. Nevertheless, the persistent challenge of chemical-mechanical failure during charge-discharge cycling has impeded its progressive development. In numerous prior investigations, researchers have diligently explored the cycling failure of this material family, presenting a spectrum of modification strategies aimed at addressing this issue including doping, coating, surface or grain boundary modification. Given the impact of lattice defects and heterogeneous structures introduced throughout the synthesis process cannot be overlooked, a comprehensive comprehension of the influence exerted by various controlling factors on the structural formation of materials is imperative. This review aims to elucidate the ramifications of control factors, including precursor, lithium salt, sintering temperature, holding time, and sintering atmosphere, on the material structure during the synthesis process. The objective is to provide the battery community with valuable insights on strategies to synthesize high-performance LiTMO2 materials.