Chronic pain in anaesthesia and intensive care

Pain is a ubiquitous symptom of anesthesia. The anesthesiologist is recognized as an expert in the management and control of acute pain. However, whether in the operating theatre or the intensive care unit, it is not only acute pain that can threaten a patient's future. Chronic pain, whether post-surgical or post-resuscitation, affects a significant number of patients. Chronic pain affects around 20% of patients after surgery, and up to 50% of patients who have spent time in intensive care. Their prevention therefore represents a major public health challenge. The identification of risk factors associated with chronic pain, thanks to a growing body of literature, has enabled us to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. Similarly, in the field of pain prevention, several therapeutic approaches are increasingly being put forward. Anesthetists must take account of the risk of chronicity, which is specific to each patient. From management of the acute phase to post-operative and post-resuscitation follow-up, prevention of chronic pain is crucial, given the associated co-morbidities. Indeed, chronic pain has social, professional, health and economic repercussions, which are exacerbated by late treatment of the patients concerned.