Bilirubin estimation using non-invasive optical diagnostic technique

Jaundice is a well-studied condition in many countries. It affects 70% of newborns and is a significant contributor to both illness and death. Although benign, it can cause persistent hearing impairment, athetosis, and intellectual disabilities. Early detection of jaundice remains challenging. This paper proposes a reflectance-based, bilirubin measurement method as an alternative to the current invasive method. Wavelength selection using spectrophotometric tests was performed on several samples of the sensing system. The designed device was tested using 18 human skin-mocked bilirubin samples prepared using bilirubin powder, and the results were compared with the radiometer results. Subsequently, it was tested on six subjects with high bilirubin values and compared with clinical auto-analyzer values. The wavelength spectra for increased and normal bilirubin serum were 460 +/- 5 nm and 420 +/- 5 nm, respectively. The data were analyzed, and the errors were calculated. The bilirubin estimates had a Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9808. The bias and limits of agreement for bilirubin measurements were analyzed and compared. The wavelength of the bilirubin chromophore will aid in future studies. The prototype matched the standard procedure and successfully detected bilirubin levels with limited resources, enhancing its potential for point-of-care use in the future.