Evaluation of the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer and choroid thickness in premature ovarian failure using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

Background The aim of our study is to describe the basal findings at the first diagnosis of the disease in patients with premature ovarian failure (POF) and to draw attention to the early changes in the macula, optic nerve head and choroid. Methods In a prospective case-control study, 90 patients with POF and 90 control patients were evaluated. All participants underwent the same ophthalmic examination, including visual acuity, intraocular preasure measurement, anterior and posterior segment evaluation, macular and coroidal thickening, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements with the same device (Spectral Domain OCT, software version 5.6.3.0, Heidelberg, Germany). Results The median age was 30.00 (28.00-31.00) in the control group and 29.00 (27.00-31.00) in the POF group (p = 0.249). The median thickness of the temporal outer macular region was statistically significantly thinner in the POF group (295.00 (289.00-303.25)) compared to the control group (306.00 (290.75-328.00)) (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant decrease in all choroidal regions (p < 0.001), including the central, nasal 500, nasal 1500, temporal 500, and temporal 1500 regions in the POF group according to the control group. Conclusion An increase in intraocular pressure in the postmenopausal period has been reported, suggesting a link between the postmenopausal decline in sex hormones and glaucoma. Our study is the first to monitor changes in choroidal, retinal thickness and RNFL in POF images showing early menopausal symptoms.