Sustainable Utilization of Waste Glass Powder and Brick Dust as Cement Replacements: Effects on Mortar Performance and Environmental Benefits

With respect to sustainability, the material must maintain the quality and properties of concrete and be safe for human health, the environment, and long-time use. In recent times, the emission of CO2 from cement production processes has lessened with the passage of time due to its effect on the environment. In order to lessen the emissions and reduce environmental waste, available by-products with pozzolanic properties are applied. With respect to Portland limestone cement (CEMI II-BL), i.e., cement with lower carbon dioxide emissions and better workability than CEM I, the two main materials applied in the study as substitutes are brick dust (BD) and waste glass powder (WGP) bottles. Waste glass powder and brick dust, in quantities varying from 5% to 10%, 15%, and 20%, with a water/cement ratio of 0.35 and a 1.5% superplasticizer, were utilized to observe the effectiveness of BD and WGP on the flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, density, drying shrinkage, and fire resistance of the specimen mortar. The output shows that a WGP of 20% increased flowability compared to the control, whereas the inclusion of brick dust decreased it. At the age of 28, glass powder of 20% increased the compressive strength, while 20% brick dust exhibited a reduction; 15% WGP with 5% BD displayed the lowest absorption of water; and the density of all the samples proved to be much lower than the traditional mix, with 20% BD being the lowest (hereby labeled as light mortar). The 10% WGP with 10% BD displayed better resistance to fire, and the drying shrinkage of the sample was relatively low after several days of air curing. The impact on the environment and cost were considered without accounting for the transportation and manufacturing energy. As to the outcome of this experiment, we concluded that the use of both brick dust and glass powder with CEM II for producing mortar has proven very promising in a variety of different respects, including the mechanical and fresh features of mortar, with the combination of 5% WGP and 15% BD exhibiting the most potential in all of the acquired parameters.