The Rise of non-phthalate plasticizers: Serious risks to human life and environmental consequences - A comprehensive review

Plastics are materials that are used extensively, ranged between synthetic and semi-synthetic materials. Plastic additives are essential for plastic manufacturing in order to make plastics more resilient and flexible. Since COVID-19, disposable or single-use facemasks have become increasingly popular among the public. Since plasticizers are added to synthetic polymers during production, could potentially expose to people. The most predominantly used plasticizers are phthalates, also known as phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which have been restricted in recent years because of their extreme toxicity to all organisms, including human beings. Phthalate limits have been accompanied by a rise in the usage of non-phthalate plasticizers (NPPs) for industrial purposes. NPPs are extensively utilized in consumer goods and are regularly found in human and environmental samples. There is still much to learn about the environmental effects, ultimate fate, and dangers of human exposure associated with numerous new NPPs. Therefore, this study describes the industrial limitations, forms, environmental occurrences, sources, and consequences of NPPs on living organisms.