Factors Affecting Psychological Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Global mental health has been put at risk by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, both directly and indirectly through disruptive social shifts and neuropsychiatric repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite a little rise in self-reported mental health issues, there has not been an increase in the population's rates of mental disorders, self-harm, or suicide that could be measured objectively. Demographic factors, such as sex, age, and profession, have emerged as key determinants, with women, younger individuals, and frontline workers facing elevated risks. In this review, we have addressed the key considerations that have impacted the mental well-being of the populace during COVID-19. A comprehensive literature search on the SCOPUS and PubMed databases was used to find the current research studies on the COVID-19 outbreak relevant to mental health. According to preliminary research, self-reported stress (8%) and symptoms of worry and depression (16-28%) have been prevalent psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and they may have been linked to sleep disruption. This risk has been reported to be moderated by several individual and systemic factors. Acute and post-acute neuropsychiatric consequences of COVID-19 have also been identified, with a significant prevalence of fatigue, cognitive decline, and anxiety and depression symptoms, even months after infection. Coping with challenges, such as social distancing, economic instability, and altered routines, has posed significant mental health concerns. Access to mental health resources and robust social support systems has, however, played pivotal roles in addressing these challenges. The review has underscored the urgent need for comprehensive mental health interventions, addressing social determinants, ensuring equitable access to healthcare, and recognizing the enduring effects of the pandemic.