Trends in intergenerational class mobility and education in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, over common birth cohorts

被引:1
|
作者
Jorrat, Jorge Raul [1 ]
Boado, Marcelo [2 ]
Espinoza, Vicente [3 ]
机构
[1] Inst Invest Gino Germani UBA, C1114, Buenos Aires, Argentina
[2] Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
[3] Ctr Conflict & Social Cohes Studies, Santiago, Chile
关键词
Birth cohorts; class; education effects; intergenerational mobility; social fluidity; classe; cohortes de naissance; effets de l'& eacute; ducation; fluidit & eacute; sociale; mobilit & eacute; interg & eacute; n & eacute; rationnelle; clase; cohortes de nacimiento; efecto de la educaci & oacute; n; fluidez social; movilidad intergeneracional; SOCIAL-MOBILITY; INDUSTRIALIZATION; EXPANSION; FLUIDITY; INEQUALITY;
D O I
10.1177/02685809241281075
中图分类号
C91 [社会学];
学科分类号
030301 ; 1204 ;
摘要
We compare intergenerational class mobility trends in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, exploring the effects of education over birth cohorts. After presenting descriptive measures of absolute mobility, we use log-linear models to study relative mobility and the mediating role of education. Then, we examine trends in intergenerational class mobility linked to educational levels over cohorts. Finally, counterfactual simulations show the net effects of education on mobility. Results show that intergenerational class mobility across cohorts occurred only for men in Argentina and Chile. Inequality trends in educational opportunities were only present for women. Class returns to education occurred among men in Chile and Uruguay, and women in Argentina. Social fluidity under the mediating effects of education did not show a clear pattern. The claim that educational expansion created more opportunities for intergenerational mobility does not find support in our data. Cet article compare les tendances de la mobilit & eacute; de classe interg & eacute;n & eacute;rationnelle en Argentine, au Chili et en Uruguay, & agrave; partir d'une analyse des effets de l'& eacute;ducation sur les cohortes de naissance. Apr & egrave;s avoir pr & eacute;sent & eacute; des mesures descriptives de mobilit & eacute; absolue, nous utilisons des mod & egrave;les log-lin & eacute;aires pour & eacute;tudier la mobilit & eacute; relative et le r & ocirc;le de m & eacute;diation de l'& eacute;ducation. Nous examinons ensuite les tendances de la mobilit & eacute; de classe interg & eacute;n & eacute;rationnelle li & eacute;es aux niveaux d'& eacute;ducation au fil des cohortes. Enfin, des simulations contrefactuelles montrent les effets nets de l'& eacute;ducation sur la mobilit & eacute;.Les r & eacute;sultats montrent que la mobilit & eacute; de classe interg & eacute;n & eacute;rationnelle d'une cohorte & agrave; l'autre ne s'est produite que pour les hommes en Argentine et au Chili. Les tendances & agrave; l'in & eacute;galit & eacute; des chances en mati & egrave;re d'& eacute;ducation n'& eacute;taient pr & eacute;sentes que pour les femmes. Les rendements de l'& eacute;ducation en termes de classe ont & eacute;t & eacute; observ & eacute;s chez les hommes au Chili et en Uruguay, et chez les femmes en Argentine. La fluidit & eacute; sociale due aux effets m & eacute;diateurs de l'& eacute;ducation n'a pas laiss & eacute; appara & icirc;tre de tendance claire. L'affirmation selon laquelle l'expansion de l'& eacute;ducation a cr & eacute;& eacute; davantage de possibilit & eacute;s de mobilit & eacute; interg & eacute;n & eacute;rationnelle n'est pas & eacute;tay & eacute;e par nos donn & eacute;es. Este art & iacute;culo compara las tendencias de movilidad de clase intergeneracional en Argentina, Chile y Uruguay, analizando los efectos de la educaci & oacute;n a trav & eacute;s de las cohortes de nacimiento. Despu & eacute;s de presentar medidas descriptivas de movilidad absoluta, se utilizan modelos log-lineales para estudiar la movilidad relativa y el papel mediador de la educaci & oacute;n. Luego, se examinan las tendencias en la movilidad de clase intergeneracional vinculadas a los niveles educativos a trav & eacute;s de las cohortes. Finalmente, las simulaciones contraf & aacute;cticas muestran los efectos netos de la educaci & oacute;n sobre la movilidad.Los resultados muestran que la movilidad de clase intergeneracional entre cohortes ocurri & oacute; solo para los hombres en Argentina y Chile. Las tendencias de desigualdad de oportunidades educativas solo se manifestaron para las mujeres. Los rendimientos de la educaci & oacute;n en t & eacute;rminos de clase se produjeron para los hombres en Chile y Uruguay, y para las mujeres en Argentina. La fluidez social debida a los efectos mediadores de la educaci & oacute;n no mostr & oacute; un patr & oacute;n claro. La afirmaci & oacute;n de que la expansi & oacute;n educativa ha creado m & aacute;s oportunidades para la movilidad intergeneracional no encuentra respaldo en los datos analizados.
引用
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页码:82 / 107
页数:26
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