What is the research question? Estimands explained

被引：0
作者：
Groenwold, Rolf H. H. [1 ,2 ]
le Cessie, Saskia [1 ,2 ]
Dekkers, Olaf M. [1 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
机构：
[1] Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Albinusdreef 2, NL-2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
[2] Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Biomed Data Sci, NL-2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
[3] Aarhus Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
[4] Aarhus Univ Hosp, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
[5] Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, NL-2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
来源：
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY | 2025年 / 192卷 / 03期
关键词：
research; estimand; trials; analysis;
D O I：
10.1093/ejendo/lvaf048
中图分类号：
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号：
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要：
Although many papers of medical research report on a treatment effect, it is not always clear what is exactly meant by that effect. An estimand is a precise definition of a treatment effect and includes 5 attributes: population, treatment, (outcome) variable, intercurrent events, and summary measure. In this paper, we discuss how the estimand framework helps to align different phases of studies of medical treatments, from research objectives to design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of results.
引用
收藏
页码：E5 / E7
页数：3
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [41] Deciding what to research: an overview of a participatory workshop
    Northway, Ruth
    Hurley, Karen
    O'Connor, Chris
    Thomas, Helen
    Bale, Sue
    Howarth, Joyce
    Langley, Emma
    BRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES, 2014, 42 (04) : 323 - 327
  • [42] WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE EXPRESSION SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH
    VEIL, C
    ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES, 1992, 150 (4-5): : 367 - 370
  • [43] What makes health promotion research distinct?
    Woodall, James
    Warwick-Booth, Louise
    South, Jane
    Cross, Ruth
    SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 2018, 46 : 118 - 122
  • [44] Pilot Trials in Clinical Research Of What Value Are They?
    Loscalzo, Joseph
    CIRCULATION, 2009, 119 (13)
  • [45] Avoidable research waste in dermatology: what is the problem?
    Williams, H. C.
    BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, 2022, 186 (03) : 383 - 385
  • [46] What's new in rectal cancer research?
    Reina Duarte, Angel
    Ferrer Marquez, Manuel
    Rubio Gil, Francisco A.
    Belda Lozano, Ricardo
    Alvarez Garcia, Antonio
    Blesa Sierra, Isabel
    Fuentes Porcel, Orlando
    Vidana Marquez, Elisa
    Rosado Cobian, Rafael
    CIRUGIA ESPANOLA, 2015, 93 (06): : 381 - 389
  • [47] Research networks for bipolar disorder: Why and What For?
    Vieta, E.
    BIPOLAR DISORDERS, 2012, 14 : 33 - 33
  • [48] Finding What's Real in Research and Theatre
    Kandil, Yasmine
    Freeman, Barry
    Gallagher, Kathleen
    CANADIAN THEATRE REVIEW, 2020, 181 : 51 - 55
  • [49] The clinical research enterprise in critical care: What's right, what's wrong, and what's ahead?
    Reade, Michael C.
    Angus, Derek C.
    CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, 2009, 37 (01) : S1 - S9
  • [50] Step by step problematization: a "reflexive questioning" from the initial idea to the research question
    Oude-Engberink, Agnes
    Clary, Bernard
    Pavageau, Sylvain
    Clotet, Lucie
    Serayet, Phillipe
    David, Michel
    Million, Elodie
    Gras-Aygon, Claudine
    Bourrel, Gerard
    Lognos, Beatrice
    Carbonnel, Francois
    EXERCER-LA REVUE FRANCOPHONE DE MEDECINE GENERALE, 2018, (140): : 90 - 94
12345