What is the research question? Estimands explained

被引：0
作者：
Groenwold, Rolf H. H. [1 ,2 ]
le Cessie, Saskia [1 ,2 ]
Dekkers, Olaf M. [1 ,3 ,4 ,5 ]
机构：
[1] Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Albinusdreef 2, NL-2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
[2] Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Biomed Data Sci, NL-2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
[3] Aarhus Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
[4] Aarhus Univ Hosp, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
[5] Leiden Univ Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, NL-2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
来源：
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY | 2025年 / 192卷 / 03期
关键词：
research; estimand; trials; analysis;
D O I：
10.1093/ejendo/lvaf048
中图分类号：
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号：
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要：
Although many papers of medical research report on a treatment effect, it is not always clear what is exactly meant by that effect. An estimand is a precise definition of a treatment effect and includes 5 attributes: population, treatment, (outcome) variable, intercurrent events, and summary measure. In this paper, we discuss how the estimand framework helps to align different phases of studies of medical treatments, from research objectives to design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of results.
引用
收藏
页码：E5 / E7
页数：3
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