A pilot evaluation of school-based LEGO® robotics therapy for autistic students

There is emerging evidence that LEGO (R) therapy is an effective way of supporting younger autistic children develop their communication and social skills. LEGO (R) robotics therapy - which uses the principles of LEGO (R) therapy applied to LEGO (R) robotics - may be an age-appropriate intervention to reduce anxiety and increase social skills in autistic adolescents. The aims of this study, involving 24 autistic students aged 13-16 years, were to examine (a) the effect of an 8-week LEGO (R) robotics therapy on students' anxiety, social skills, academic motivation, and engagement, and (b) the views and perceptions of all stakeholders (students, parents, school staff and facilitators) regarding the program. An adapted explanatory sequential basic mixed-methods design was used. Groups of three students supported by two facilitators participated in the LEGO (R) robotics therapy for eight sessions at school. Quantitative data was collected before and after therapy using the Anxiety Scale for children-Autism Spectrum Disorder, Social Skills Improvement System and the Motivation and Engagement scale. Qualitative data was collected using open-ended online questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups from all stakeholders. No statistically significant within group differences were found in relation to students' anxiety, social skills, motivation and engagement before and after the program. Qualitative findings indicated predominantly positive student experiences and outcomes such as better school attendance, increased confidence, and social skills. The findings suggest that LEGO (R) robotics therapy may be associated with a range of nuanced positive experiences and outcomes for individuals and groups of students, suggesting potential value in further efforts to refine the program.