Wild or Farmed: Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Values as Natural Biomarkers to Improve the Traceability of Endangered Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi, Sciaenidae)

被引:0
作者
Gamboa-Delgado, Julian [1 ]
Sanchez-Diaz, Ricardo [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon UANL, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Ecol, Programa Maricultura, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
[2] Inst Tecnol Sonora, Dept Ciencias Agron & Vet, Cdad Obregon, Son, Mexico
关键词
cage aquaculture; endangered species; marine resources; muscle tissue; production method; FISH FINS; TISSUES; PRESERVATION; REPLACEMENT; TURNOVER; GROWTH;
D O I
10.1002/aqc.70091
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Totoaba macdonaldi is a large Sciaenid fish listed as a vulnerable species. The illegal commerce of its swimming bladder has caused severe overfishing, which has in turn been associated to the population decline of vaquita, a porpoise endemic to the Gulf of California. The present study had two objectives; the first was to use the natural carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of wild and farmed totoaba as biomarkers to identify their origin. In the second part of the study, a group of juvenile totoabas was maintained under controlled feeding conditions to explore their rates of isotopic change and estimate the time required for the dietary isotopic values to be transferred into muscle tissue. Results from the feeding experiment indicated that muscle tissue of fish reached an isotopic equilibrium with the offered diet after 28 days for carbon and 43 days for nitrogen. Muscle samples collected from wild and farmed totoaba were analysed and data revealed that the isotopic values (carbon and nitrogen) were significantly different between both groups of organisms. A discriminant analysis using dual isotopic measurements showed a significant separation of classes, indicating that the isotopic values measured at natural abundance levels, can be effectively applied as biomarkers to support the traceability processes of farmed totoaba. The implications to promote a reduction of product mislabelling and to improve detection of illegally extracted fish are addressed. Totoaba macdonaldi es un gran pez de la familia Sciaenidae, el cual actualmente est & aacute; considerado como una especie vulnerable. El comercio ilegal de su vejiga natatoria ha causado una severa sobrepesca, la cual ha sido tambi & eacute;n asociada al declive poblacional de la vaquita marina, una marsopa end & eacute;mica del Golfo de California. El presente estudio tuvo dos objetivos principales, el primero plante & oacute; el uso de valores isot & oacute;picos naturales presentes en totoabas silvestres y cultivadas como biomarcadores para identificar su origen. En la segunda parte del estudio, un grupo de totoabas juveniles fue mantenido bajo condiciones controladas de alimentaci & oacute;n para explorar las tasas de cambio isot & oacute;pico en diferentes tejidos. Se estim & oacute; el tiempo requerido para que los valores isot & oacute;picos de la dieta fueran transferidos al tejido muscular de las totoabas juveniles. Los resultados derivados del experimento de alimentaci & oacute;n indicaron que el tejido muscular de la totoaba juvenil alcanz & oacute; un equilibrio isot & oacute;pico con la dieta a partir de 28 d & iacute;as para carbono y a partir de 43 d & iacute;as para nitr & oacute;geno. Muestras de m & uacute;sculo fueron colectadas a partir de individuos cultivados y silvestres para eventualmente analizar sus perfiles isot & oacute;picos (carbono y nitr & oacute;geno). Los resultados indicaron que los tanto valores isot & oacute;picos de carbono, como los de nitr & oacute;geno, fueron significativamente diferentes entre ambos grupos. Al integrar ambos valores isot & oacute;picos en un an & aacute;lisis discriminante, una separaci & oacute;n de grupos fue evidente, indicando que los valores isot & oacute;picos determinados a niveles de abundancia natural, pueden ser aplicados de forma efectiva como biomarcadores para apoyar los procesos de trazabilidad de la totoaba. Se abordan las implicaciones relacionadas a la disminuci & oacute;n de etiquetados fraudulentos y el mejoramiento de la detecci & oacute;n de productos obtenidos mediante pesca ilegal.
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页数:9
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