Thermal and force simulation modelling of graphene oxide nanosheets as cutting fluid additives during Ti-6Al-4V drilling process

Titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) contain mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity that can lead to heat and friction during machining process, which will seriously affect tool wear and surface quality. Currently, titanium alloys are rarely used in industry due to limitations in cooling methods. Two-dimensional materials, known for their excellent thermal properties and hydrophilicity, are suitable additives for improving the properties of base fluids. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, recognized for their exceptional thermal conductivity and lubrication properties, are proposed as promising cutting fluid additives. A force and thermal model for the Ti-6Al-4V drilling process is developed to simulate thermal conductivity with different coolants. Additionally, a related force model under various cutting fluid environments is established. The experimental methodology is designed to measure the drilling temperature and drilling force to investigate the impact on cutting temperature and cutting force at various speeds, feeds, and cooling methods (dry machining, conventional cutting fluid, and GO nanosheets as additives to the conventional coolant). This analysis aims to validate the thermal conductivity, drilling temperature, cutting force, and friction during the drilling process under different coolants, speeds, and feeds. The results indicate that GO nanosheets as additives in cutting fluids during the Ti-6Al-4V drilling process can significantly reduce drilling temperature and cutting force. This improvement is attributed to the enhanced thermal conductivity and lubrication mechanism provided by the GO nanosheets.