Effect of biodiesel and nano particles on the performance and emission characteristics of CI engine at various fuel injection pressures-critical review

In recent years, Due to the depletion of petroleum reserves and rising environmental concerns, alternative fuels have attracted a lot of attention. This study investigates the combustion, emissions, and performance properties of diesel engines running on biodiesel-diesel blends. Recent developments in nanotechnology have made it possible to use fuel injection pressures and nanoparticle fuel additives in internal combustion engines. By adding nanoparticles to biodiesel-diesel blends, the amount of brake specific fuel is reduced. Additionally, nanoparticles have a high thermal conductivity, which improves combustion and brake performance. According to the reviews, NOx emissions increased while HC, CO, and PM emissions reduced. The results show that biodiesel and biodiesel blends as a fuel for CI engines might significantly enhance performance while reducing emissions by adding nanoparticles and also the fuel injection pressure is the main vital parameter for improving the performance and emission characteristics.