Postdischarge health information tools and information needs for mothers of vulnerable newborns in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Objectives The postdischarge period is crucial for vulnerable newborns at risk of morbidity, readmission and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Addressing gaps in care during this period could improve outcomes. This review consolidates evidence on caregiver information needs and relevant information tools used in postdischarge care for vulnerable newborns in LMICs. Design Scoping review using the methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. Data sources We searched six databases for relevant articles published in English between 2001 and 2021. Additional articles were identified through citation and reference checking. Eligibility criteria Articles on postdischarge care for newborns in LMICs, excluding economic and technical development studies, discharge to other healthcare facilities (rather than to home) and maternal-focused studies. Data extraction and synthesis Data extraction followed Arksey and O'Malley's data charting method. Using a descriptive synthesis approach, heterogeneous data were collated in narrative format. Results From 5190 articles, 22 were included. Only a small number of articles discussed caregiver challenges, like receiving insufficient information at discharge which led to uncertainty in caring for vulnerable newborns. Caregivers had a number of needs in relation to maternal and newborn care, including in terms of coordination of follow-up care. Although a number of tools have been used to support relevant needs (for postnatal care in general rather than specifically for postdischarge care of vulnerable newborns), these have shown mixed effectiveness due to challenges with completeness, lack of training and support, supply chain issues and cultural barriers to adoption, such as preference for alternative providers. Conclusion Our understanding of postdischarge information needs for those looking after vulnerable newborns in LMICs remains limited. More effective use of information tools could help address some of these needs and contribute towards reducing neonatal mortality rates.