Correlation of Serum Vaspin Level with the Severity of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) describes a range of myocardial ischaemic states that includes Unstable Angina (UA), Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), or ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Vaspin is an emerging adipokine, and low vaspin concentrations are found to be correlated with the severity of cardiovascular events. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is widely used to assess early risk stratification among ACS patients.<br /> Aim: To evaluate the severity of cardiovascular risk in patients with ACS using GRACE risk score and to study the correlation of serum vaspin levels with the risk score.<br /> Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Cardiology Department at SRM Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India, from June 2023 to October 2023. A total of 89 patients diagnosed with ACS were included and stratified into three groups based on the GRACE score. Lipid profiles were assessed using a Beckman Coulter autoanalyser, while serum vaspin levels were measured using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses including Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's correlation, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed.<br /> Results: Among the study participants, 65.2% were males, and 34.8% were females, with mean ages of 56 +/- 8.8 years and 56 +/- 11.8 years, respectively. Out of the 89 participants, 32 (36%) were categorised as high-risk, 31 (34.8%) as intermediate risk, and 26 (29.2%) as low risk. Serum vaspin levels were observed to be lower in the high-risk group compared to the low and intermediate risk groups. A cut-off value for serum vaspin level was determined as <= 0.610 pg/mL in ACS, indicating an increased risk for complications.<br /> Conclusion: The levels of serum vaspin are decreased in ACS patients presenting with a greater degree of cardiovascular complications. These findings enhance the comprehension of vaspin's role in the pathophysiology of ACS and its relevance in risk assessment.