A review of over-discharge protection through prelithiation in working lithium-ion batteries

The demand for high safety and high reliability lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is strongly considered for practical applications. However, due to their inherent self-discharge properties or abuse, LIBs face the threat of over-discharge, which induces premature end of life and increased risk of thermal runaway. In addition, a strong demand for batteries with zero-volt storage is strongly considered for aerospace and implantable medical devices. In this review, we firstly introduce the necessity and the importance of over-discharge and zero-volt protection for LIBs. The mechanism of damage to the Cu current collectors and SEI induced by potential changes during over-discharge is presented. The current over-discharge protection strategies based on whether the zero-crossing potential of the electrodes is summarized. Finally, the fresh insights into the material design of cathode prelithiation additives are presented from the perspective of over-discharge protection. (c) 2024 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.