Ciclopirox and Ciclopirox Olamine: Antifungal Agents in Dermatology with Expanding Therapeutic Potential

Ciclopirox (CPX) and its ethanolamine salt, ciclopirox olamine (CPO), are synthetic hydroxypyridone derivatives with a wide range of antimicrobial activity, making them valuable in dermatology for treating fungal infections. Their mechanism of action is multifaceted, impacting iron-dependent enzymes and disrupting mitochondrial function, cellular energy production, and membrane integrity. The compounds' favorable physicochemical properties allow effective skin absorption, while the olamine salt enhances solubility and bioavailability. Research is ongoing to explore therapeutic uses beyond dermatology, including applications in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. In cosmetics, ciclopirox is used primarily in anti-dandruff and skincare products, combining therapeutic effects with minimal side effects.