miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases: from target screening to precision therapy

miRNAs are critical for different disease development processes, including cell growth, signaling, apoptosis, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been shown that altered miRNA levels are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mitochondrial dysfunction. While mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS formation occur in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, miRNAs have the potential to be diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets with a high degree of specificity, which is highly relevant in neurodegenerative pathologies.This paper gives a general summary of the current expression of miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases, including miRNAs up-regulated or down-regulated in a variety of diseases, as well as the associated factors of influence. miRNAs are more like a double-edged sword, their multi-targeted role has brought light to many diseases for which there are currently no clear therapeutic options, but at the same time, their low specificity and possible side effects on the whole body should not be ignored, therefore However, at the same time, its low specificity and possible side effects on the whole body should not be ignored, therefore, more attention should be paid to the development of miRNA therapy in terms of its high efficiency, the use of carriers, and the clarification of side effects.