Wildlife policy, the food system and One Health: a complex systems analysis of unintended consequences for the prevention of emerging zoonoses in China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Philippines

被引：0

作者：

Astbury, Chloe Clifford ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Demeshko, Anastassia ^{[1
]}

Aguilar, Russel ^{[4
]}

Mapatano, Mala Ali ^{[5
]}

Li, Angran ^{[6
]}

Togno, Kathleen Chelsea ^{[4
]}

Shi, Zhilei ^{[7
]}

Wang, Zhuoyu ^{[8
]}

Wu, Cary ^{[9
]}

Yambayamba, Marc K. ^{[5
,10
]}

Carabin, Helene ^{[11
]}

Clarke, Janielle ^{[1
]}

De Leon, Valentina ^{[1
]}

Desai, Shital ^{[12
]}

Gallo-Cajiao, Eduardo ^{[13
]}

Lee, Kirsten Melissa ^{[1
]}

Sivapragasam, Krishihan ^{[1
]}

Wiktorowicz, Mary ^{[2
,14
,15
]}

Penney, Tarra L. ^{[1
,2
,3
,15
]}

机构：

[1] York Univ, Global Food Syst & Policy Res, Toronto, ON, Canada

[2] York Univ, Dahdaleh Inst Global Hlth Res, Toronto, ON, Canada

[3] York Univ, Global Strategy Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada

[4] Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Manila, Philippines

[5] Univ Kinshasa, Democrat Republ Congo Sch Publ Hlth, Kinshasa, DEM REP CONGO

[6] New York Univ Shanghai, Ctr Appl Social & Econ Res, Shanghai, Peoples R China

[7] Zhongnan Univ Econ & Law, Wuhan, Peoples R China

[8] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Sociol, Hangzhou, Peoples R China

[9] York Univ, Dept Sociol, Toronto, ON, Canada

[10] Univ Zurich, Vetsuisse Fac, Sect Epidemiol, Zurich, Switzerland

[11] Univ Montreal, Fac Med Vet, St Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada

[12] York Univ, Sch Arts Media Performance & Design, Social & Technol Syst Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada

[13] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Dept Human Dimens Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO USA

[14] York Univ, Fac Hlth, Sch Hlth Policy & Management, Toronto, ON, Canada

[15] York Univ, Fac Hlth, Sch Global Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada

来源：

BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH | 2025年 / 10卷 / 01期

基金：

加拿大健康研究院;

关键词：

Prevention strategies; Public Health; Global Health; Health policy; RISK-FACTORS; BUSHMEAT; CONSERVATION; CONSUMPTION; IMPACT; TRADE; BAN;

D O I：

10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016313

中图分类号：

R1 [预防医学、卫生学];

学科分类号：

1004 ; 120402 ;

摘要：

Introduction Evolving human-wildlife interactions have contributed to emerging zoonoses outbreaks, and pandemic prevention policy for wildlife management and conservation requires enhanced consideration from this perspective. However, the risk of unintended consequences is high. In this study, we aimed to assess how unrecognised complexity and system adaptation can lead to policy failure, and how these dynamics may impact zoonotic spillover risk and food system outcomes.Methodology This study focused on three countries: China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Philippines. We combined evidence from a rapid literature review with key informant interviews to develop causal loop diagrams (CLDs), a form of systems map representing causal theory about system factors and interconnections. We analysed these CLDs using the 'fixes that fail' (FTF) systems archetype, a conceptual tool used to understand and communicate how system adaptation can lead to policy failure. In each country, we situated the FTF in the wider system of disease ecology and food system factors to highlight how zoonotic risk and food system outcomes may be impacted.Results We interviewed 104 participants and reviewed 303 documents. In each country, we identified a case of a policy with the potential to become an FTF: wildlife farming in China, the establishment of a new national park in the DRC, and international conservation agenda-setting in the Philippines. In each country, we highlighted context-specific impacts of the FTF on zoonotic spillover risk and key food system outcomes.Conclusion Our use of systems thinking highlights how system adaptation may undermine prevention policy aims, with a range of unintended consequences for food systems and human, animal and environmental health. A broader application of systems-informed policy design and evaluation could help identify instruments approporiate for the disruption of system traps and improve policy success. A One Health approach may also increase success by supporting collaboration, communication and trust among actors to imporove collective policy action.

引用

页数：13