Investigating the off-axis GRB afterglow scenario for extragalactic fast X-ray transients

被引：5
作者：
Wichern, H. C. I. [1 ,2 ]
Ravasio, M. E. [1 ,3 ]
Jonker, P. G. [1 ,4 ]
Quirola-Vasquez, J. A. [6 ,7 ,8 ]
Levan, A. J. [1 ,5 ]
Bauer, F. E. [6 ,7 ,9 ]
Kann, D. A. [10 ,11 ]
机构：
[1] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
[2] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, Elektrovej 327-328, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
[3] INAF Astron Observ Brera, Via E Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
[4] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Niels Bohrweg 4, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
[5] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, England
[6] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
[7] Millennium Inst Astrophys, Nuncio Monsenor Sotero Sanz 100, Santiago, Chile
[8] Escuela Politec Nacl, Observ Astron Quito, Quito 170136, Ecuador
[9] Space Sci Inst, 4750 Walnut St, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301 USA
[10] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Giersch Sci Ctr, Hessian Res Cluster ELEMENTS, Max von Laue Str 12,Campus Riedberg, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
[11] Inst Astrofis Andalucia IAA CSIC, Granada 18008, Spain
来源：
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2024年 / 690卷
基金：
荷兰研究理事会;
关键词：
gamma-ray burst: general; X-rays: bursts; X-rays: general; SYNCHROTRON SELF-COMPTON; HOST GALAXY; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; LIGHT CURVES; SHORT BURST; MULTICOLOR OBSERVATIONS; MODELING SYNCHROTRON; PLATEAU EMISSION; COMPLETE SAMPLE; LORENTZ FACTORS;
D O I：
10.1051/0004-6361/202450116
中图分类号：
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号：
0704 ;
摘要：
Context. Extragalactic fast X-ray transients (FXTs) are short-duration (similar to ks) X-ray flashes of unknown origin, potentially arising from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, tidal disruption events, or supernova shock breakouts. Aims. In the context of the BNS scenario, we investigate the possible link between FXTs and the afterglows of off-axis merger-induced gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Methods. By modelling well-sampled broadband afterglows of 13 merger-induced GRBs, we make predictions for their X-ray light curve behaviour had they been observed off-axis, considering both a uniform jet with core angle theta(C) and a Gaussian-structured jet whose edge lies at an angle theta(W) = 2 theta(C). We compare their peak X-ray luminosity, duration, and temporal indices alpha (where F proportional to t(alpha)) with those of the currently known extragalactic FXTs. Results. Our analysis reveals that a slightly off-axis observing angle of theta(obs) approximate to (2.2 - 3)theta(C) and a structured jet are required to explain the shallow (|alpha|less than or similar to 0.3) temporal indices of the FXT light curves, which cannot be reproduced in the uniform-jet case at any viewing angle. In the case of a structured jet with truncation angle theta(W) = 2 theta(C), the distributions of the duration of the FXTs are consistent with those of the off-axis afterglows for the same range of observing angles, theta obs approximate to (2.2 - 3)theta(C). While the distributions of the off-axis peak X-ray luminosity are consistent only for theta(obs) = 2.2 theta(C), focussing on individual events with different intrinsic luminosities reveals that the match of all three properties (peak X-ray luminosity, duration and temporal indices) of the FXTs at the same viewing angle is possible in the range theta(obs) similar to (2.2 - 2.6)theta(C). Despite the small sample of GRBs analysed, these results show that there is a region of the parameter space - although quite limited - where the observational properties of off-axis GRB afterglow can be consistent with those of the newly discovered FXTs. Future observations of FXTs discovered by the recently launched Einstein Probe mission and GRB population studies combined with more complex afterglow models will shed light on this possible GRB-FXT connection, and eventually unveil the progenitors of some FXTs.
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页数：23
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