Regulatory effects of yam ( Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) glycoprotein on energy metabolism in C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells and on crosstalk between these two cells

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Controlling energy and regulating metabolism have been key strategies in the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity. Yam glycoprotein (Y-Gly) is a polysaccharide-protein complex extracted from Chinese yam that has beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the role of Y-Gly in regulating energy metabolism in C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells. Materials and methods: Y-Gly was subjected to extraction and chemo-profiling. Staining methods, assay kits, Western Blot and transcriptomics were mainly used to determine the role of Y-Gly. Additionally, the study sought to examine the impact of Y-Gly on white adipose browning in 3T3-L1 cells, employing a cell co-culture technique. Results: Y-Gly promoted myotube differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts, increased cellular glucose consumption, promoted ATP synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, and played an active role in energy expenditure and glycolipid metabolism related pathways such as AMPK and MAPK. The introduction of Y-Gly inhibited lipid accumulation after lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, facilitated induction of white adipose browning related proteins such as PPAR gamma and UCP1 expression, and the effect was more significant after cell co-culture. Conclusions: Y-Gly regulates glucose and lipid metabolism by activating the key proteins in the aforementioned pathways, and plays a role in energy metabolism regulation through crosstalk between muscle and adipose tissues. This suggests a possible role of Y-Gly in metabolism-related diseases.