Short-term optimal scheduling and comprehensive assessment of hydro-photovoltaic-wind systems augmented with hybrid pumped storage hydropower plants and diversified energy storage configurations

The increasing utilization of photovoltaic and wind power within the grid, coupled with evolving energy policies, poses significant challenges to the structural integrity and operational performance of existing hybrid energy systems (HES). Combining hydropower plants with pumped hydro storage to build hybrid pumped storage hydropower plants (HPSHP) effectively capitalizes on the benefits of both technologies, thereby improving economic viability and operational flexibility. However, the integration of HPSHP with photovoltaic and wind power remains inadequately investigated. Moreover, the operational constraints of pumped storage systems necessitate the exploration of innovative hybrid energy storage coupling strategies. To address this, a multiobjective optimization model for the HPSHP-photovoltaic-wind-battery system (HPSHP-PWB) is proposed. Subsequently, an optimal operation scheduling strategy is developed, tailored to the constraints of hybrid energy storage systems, along with a profitability model that incorporates peak-valley electricity pricing mechanisms and green power subsidies. The objectively-assigned superior-inferior solution distance method is employed to identify the optimal solution, while a comprehensive multi-criteria analysis framework is established for in-depth evaluations under various scenarios. Finally, analysis based on practical applications in Guizhou Province in-dicates that the proposed HPSHP-PWB enhances multi-performance metrics, demonstrating remarkable capa-bilities in economic viability and scheduling robustness. These findings provide valuable insights for the future development of HES.