[1] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[2] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, San Francisco, CA USA
[3] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Div Computat Pathol, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Indianapolis, IN USA
[4] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Sch Med, Dept Radiol & Imaging Sci, Indianapolis, IN USA
[5] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Hlth Data Sci, Indianapolis, IN USA
[6] Dept Neurol SurgeryIndiana Univ Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA
[7] Indiana Univ, Melvin & Bren Simon Comprehens Canc Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA
[8] Indiana Univ, Luddy Sch Informat Comp & Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Indianapolis, IN USA
[9] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Radiol & Biomed Engn, Madison, WI USA
[10] Duke Univ, Ctr Artificial Intelligence Radiol, Dept Radiol, Durham, NC USA
[11] Univ Penn, Ctr Artificial Intelligence & Data Sci Integrated, Philadelphia, PA USA
[12] Univ Penn, Ctr Biomed Image Comp & Analyt Analyt CBICA, Philadelphia, PA USA
[13] Univ Penn, Dept Radiol, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA USA
[14] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA USA
[15] Harvard Med Sch, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA USA
[16] Harvard Med Sch, Artificial Intelligence Med AIM Program, Mass Gen Brigham, Boston, MA USA
[17] Res Ctr Juelich FZJ, Inst Neurosci & Med INM 4, Julich, Germany
[18] Univ Hosp RWTH Aachen, Dept Nucl Med, Aachen, Germany
[19] Kings Coll Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Neuroradiol, London, England
[20] Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Engn & Imaging Sci, London, England
[21] London Reg Canc Program, London, England
[22] Tech Univ Munich, Univ Hosp, Dept Neuroradiol, Munich, Germany
[23] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Neurosurg, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
[24] German Canc Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
[25] Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Neurol, Innsbruck, Austria
[26] New York Univ Langone Hlth, Dept Radiol, New York, NY USA
[27] New York Univ Langone Hlth, Dept Neurosurg, New York, NY USA
[28] Heidelberg Univ Hosp, Dept Neuroradiol, Heidelberg, Germany
[29] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Neurooncol, Tampa, FL USA
[30] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Neurosurg, Tampa, FL USA
[31] H Lee Moffitt Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Machine Learning, Tampa, FL USA
[32] Fac Med, Dept Neurol, Cologne, Germany
[33] Univ Hosp Cologne, Cologne, Germany
[34] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Bioengn, Santa Clara, CA USA
[35] Maastricht Univ, Radiol & Nucl Med, CARIM, Maastricht, Netherlands
[36] Maastricht Univ, GROW, Maastricht, Netherlands