Economic development, gender-egalitarianism, and the transfer of status from fathers and mothers to sons and daughters in Europe in the second half of the 20th century

This study explores how economic development and gender-egalitarian ideologies and institutions are associated with gender inequalities in the intergenerational transfer of socio-economic status within families. Using 2005 EU-SILC survey data from 21 European countries, it examines how fathers' and mothers' roles and statuses during their children's adolescence influence their achievements in adulthood, and whether these effects vary with changes in economic development and gender equality from 1955 to 1991. The results show significant gender disparities in parental roles and how mothers' specialization, socio-economic status, and bargaining power affect children's outcomes. Gender-friendly institutions and policies are more strongly associated with gender equality of opportunity than economic development.