A Review and an Update on Pharmacological Treatment of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This review highlights the current and emerging pharmacological treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Stimulants such as methylphenidate are the first-line treatment for improving attention and behavior. Non-stimulants, such as atomoxetine serve as alternative options, particularly for patients with comorbid conditions or those intolerant to stimulants. Emerging treatments, not yet available in Korea, include the methylphenidate prodrug, delayed-release/extended-release methylphenidate, and transdermal dextroamphetamine, that provide innovative delivery systems for sustained symptom control. Additionally, novel drugs such as viloxazine and centanafadine show promise as alternatives with potentially fewer side effects, broadening the spectrum of available therapies. As these new medications become accessible, they may help develop more personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patient needs and potential side effects.