Computational analysis of MHD flow in a porous open chamber filled with hybrid nanofluid and vertical heat sources

The present study focuses on the heat transfer within a ventilated porous enclosure saturated with a hybrid nanofluid, with the added influence of a magnetic field. The working hybrid nanofluid used in the study is consisting of copper and alumina nanoparticles suspended in water. This research covers two different types of geometries based on their opening ports. The cavity contains two vertical heating baffles placed near the inlet and outlet ports. The objective of this research is to understand how the presence of these heated obstacles, along with the distinct properties of the hybrid nanofluid and porous medium in the existence of magnetic field, influence the heat transfer and flow patterns within the cavity. The discretized governing equations are solved using finite difference method along with the boundary conditions. Irrespective of various parameters such as Solid volume fraction (phi\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\phi$$\end{document}), Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha), length of heating baffles (hb\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$h_{\textrm{b}}$$\end{document}) and Rayleigh number (Ra), configuration BT consistently demonstrates higher heat transfer. The heat transfer near the heated baffle is maximized when Ra=103\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox{Ra}=10<^>3$$\end{document} and Da=10-4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox{Da}=10<^>{-4}$$\end{document} in configuration BT. For Ra=103\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox{Ra}=10<^>3$$\end{document} and 104\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$10<^>4$$\end{document} in configuration BT, the highest heat transfer along the right sidewall is achieved with 25%; while, hb=35%\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$h_{\textrm{b}}=35\%$$\end{document} is optimal at Ra=105\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox{Ra}=10<^>5$$\end{document}. The findings derived from this investigation hold significant relevance for a multitude of engineering domains, encompassing energy systems, heat exchangers, and the extraction of geothermal energy.