Lessons Learned in Eliciting Systematic Participant Perspectives in a Combination HIV Cure Research Trial

Current trials toward an HIV cure involve combination strategies aimed at achieving durable antiretroviral treatment (ART)-free viral control or HIV elimination, many relying on analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) to evaluate efficacy. Given the physical, psychosocial, and interpersonal risks associated with ATIs, it is critical to monitor participants' experiences so that support can be provided when needed. While qualitative approaches have been used in similar settings, we designed and implemented a series of short, closed-ended participant surveys in the University of California, San Francisco-amfAR trial, a single-arm multi-intervention HIV cure-related trial with an extended ATI. Surveys were administered at relevant trial timepoints to capture participants' (n = 10) perspectives and experiences. These included their understanding of the trial, motivations, expectations, perceived risks, benefits, and burdens of trial participation, and their perspectives on restarting ART and partner protections. We describe these data using descriptive statistics and summarize lessons learned from implementing quantitative surveys in this complex trial. Our data indicate that all respondents understood the scientific goals and requirements of participating in the trial. Most were motivated to help advance research but many expressed anxiety about participating. During the trial, respondents had limited side effects, discomfort, and trial burnout. Those who completed surveys at ART restart reported mixed (positive and negative) feelings and challenges (e.g., missed doses) when restarting ART. Participants offered various methods for partner protection during ATIs and at ART restart. Many respondents expressed future willingness to participate in a similar HIV cure trial. While the number of respondents was small, these findings are consistent with concerns identified in guidance regarding these types of trials as well as qualitative findings from earlier studies. Moreover, we demonstrated that it is feasible to implement quantitative evaluations of participants' experiences. Such approaches should be implemented in future HIV cure trials to optimize human-centered research implementation.