Infantile Pasteurella multocida Meningitis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: Pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of deep-seated pediatric infections including osteomyelitis and meningitis. We report a case of P. multocida meningitis from Queensland, with a comprehensive review of literature. Methods: Three databases were searched for infants < 12 months of age with confirmed P. multocida meningitis. Mode of transmission, clinical and laboratory features, imaging, treatment and complications were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors for outcomes including short-term neurologic complications, any long-term complications and mortality. Results: A total of 74 infants were included, with most cases occurring from indirect household animal contact (42/74; 61%). Bacteremia (38/74; 51%) and seizures (15/74, 20%) were common complications with mortality in 6 children (8%). Young infant age appeared to be the single most important risk factor for bacteremia. Conclusions: Infantile P. multocida meningitis although rare has potentially devastating complications. Younger infants are more likely to develop concomitant bacteremia. Household hand hygiene is imperative after trivial interactions with pets.