Prognostic Value of CD14 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Membrane in Patients with Severe COPD Complicated with Pulmonary Infection

Background: Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with pulmonary infections face higher morbidity and mortality. Objective: To investigate mononuclear cell membrane CD14 as a prognostic marker for their outcome. Methods: A total of 311 participants were included: 122 in the coinfection group, 127 in the severe COPD group, and 62 in the control group. The patients in the coinfection group were categorized into survival (n=106) and death (n=16) groups based on hospitalization prognosis. The CD14%, CD14MFI, and CD14IND values were compared between the groups. Death risk factors were assessed by COPD grading, FEV1% pred, FEV1/FVC, CD14%, CD14MFI, and CD14IND. Correlations between CD14 parameters and mortality, COPD grade, FEV1%pred, and FEV1/FVC were analyzed. The critical value for CD14IND to predict patient death was determined and survival rates were compared between the high and the low-risk groups. Results: CD14% values were significantly lower in the COPD and co-infection groups than in the control groups (p<0.05). p <0.05). The survival group showed a steady increase in mCD14 expression, while the death group showed fluctuating low levels. Low value of CD14% was identified as a risk factor for death and correlated with mortality and COPD severity (p<0.001). p <0.001). CD14IND <= 74.36 predicted death with 91.22% sensitivity and 95.51% specificity. The high-risk group had a significantly lower 30-day survival rate (68.42%) compared with the low-risk group (95.24%) (log-rank chi 2=10.067, p =0.002). Conclusion: The CD14 parameters of mononuclear cell membranes prove to be promising markers for predicting prognosis and death in severe COPD patients with lung infection.