Interconnected Industry 4.0 technologies: Identifying current network value and integration opportunities

The basic principle of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is the integration of digital systems and technologies to achieve complete automation and optimization. Despite the importance of integrating and interconnecting technologies according to I4.0 principles, the literature has mainly focused on the 'standalone' value of individual technologies while neglecting their potential network value. Given the high complexity of evaluating technologies in an integrated system, this study goes beyond the limitations of the 'standalone' analysis of I4.0 technologies. Specifically, the study proposes a methodology that identifies I4.0 technologies that play a central role in an integrated and interconnected network of technologies. By analyzing the literature, 5,271 business practices were collected in which I4.0 technologies are integrated to achieve specific impacts. Then, this paper employed social network analysis to explore the value of each I4.0 technology in a technology network. Using specific centrality indicators, current enabling, and central technologies were identified in an interconnected and integrated system following I4.0 principles. Finally, using the methodology of brokerage roles, the study reveals the I4.0 technologies, considered as 'drivers', that could have the greatest potential to unlock new future interconnection opportunities.