Bio-nanocomposites as future food packaging materials: A multi-faceted comparison

Although bio-nanocomposites hold advantages over fossil-based materials, e.g., their price and barrier properties do not measure up to those of classic plastic materials, which prevents their wide-spread application. Still, due to their biodegradability, and lower environmental impact, bio-nanocomposites have attracted considerable interest, especially to address the growing issue of plastic pollution in the environment. In this review, we explore bio-nanocomposites as potential future food packaging materials from multiple perspectives. We focus on key topics related to their use, including their biodegradability, functional features, and their potential for replacing conventional plastic packaging. Furthermore, we highlight significant advancements in bio-nanocomposite research, particularly their ability to improve food preservation through antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In addition, we address critical challenges that must be overcome for the widespread adoption of bionanocomposites in food packaging. These challenges include regulatory issues, the need for standardized legislation, and integration of bio-nanocomposites with existing waste management systems to ensure their environmental benefits are fully realized.