A review of spherical triboelectric nanogenerators for harvesting high-entropy ocean wave energy

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with the merits of low-cost, environmental friendliness is the most widely used and regarded as an innovated technology of harvesting high-entropy ocean wave energy (HE-OWE), considering as one of the promising sustainable and cleanable energy sources, which TENG with spherical structure is more favorable. This review mainly focuses on the recent advances of spherical (S)-TENGs for harvesting HE-OWE and self-powered system due to the absolute advantages of simple structure and fabrication more easily. From the perspective of working modes of S-TENGs in different ocean occasions, in-depth research on the relationship between triboelectric material properties, structural characteristics, and the electrical output performance of devices are compared for high efficiency development of HE-OWE. These S-TENGs shows the great potential for driving marine electronic devices and boosting the rapid development of marine economy inevitably. Furthermore, the potential values are explored and tough challenges that can impede their large-scale commercial applications are discussed.