Distributed peer-to-peer energy sharing framework in multi-energy microgrids: A two-stage robust optimization approach with multi-interval uncertainty

Peer-to-peer energy sharing is recognized as a new generation energy management technique with outstanding performance in improving economy and reducing carbon emissions. Multi-energy microgrids (MEMs) belonging to different entities still face the interference of strong uncertainties in renewable energy when implementing distributed energy sharing. A distributed robust energy sharing game framework is recommended for multiple MEMs with green certificate and carbon emission trading. Firstly, a two-stage robust model with multi-interval uncertainty set with upward and downward fluctuation equilibrium is raised for improving the conservatism of traditional uncertainty set. Secondly, a Nash-Harsanyi bargaining (NHB) game is employed to enforce a fair benefit allocation considering the different contributions of the multi-stakeholders involved in energy sharing. Then, since the game model is a nonlinear non-convex problem, it is equivalent to a two-stage problem, i.e., the cost minimization problem and the benefit distribution problem for being solved availably. Furthermore, to preserve the privacy and security of each MEM's information, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm, in conjunction with the column and constraint generation-reformulations and decomposition (C&CG-R&D) algorithm, is adopted to solve the operating cost minimization problem. Subsequently, the ADMM algorithm is applied to address the benefit allocation problem. Finally, through simulation verification, the effectiveness and applicability are manifested by the proposed model.