"Exhibiting a Language" World Language Concepts at documenta 2 (1959) and in Hans Magnus Enzensberger's Museum of Modern Poetry (1960)

In their attempt to reposition Germany in an international context after World War II, actors from both the fine arts and the literary scene turned to the idea of art as a universal language. Two major projects that shaped the West German cultural sphere in the 1950 s and 1960s - the contemporary art exhibition documenta 2 and Hans Magnus Enzensberger's anthology Museum der modernen Poesie - placed this idea at their conceptual core. The debates surrounding these projects show, however, that the notion of art as a universal language was as contested as it was compelling. In close readings of paratexts, including previously overlooked archival material, it becomes evident that very different conceptualizations of monolingualism and community are attached to the idea in each context. Evaluating these differences through the lens of translation studies, curatorial studies, and political theory enables a more nuanced discussion of the concept's post-war renaissance and its ideological implications.