Inflammatory-Related Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Femoropopliteal Artery Lesions

Background: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are novel inflammation-related markers calculated based on peripheral blood count. Data on biomarkers for the prognosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the impact of these four inflammation-related biomarkers on mid-term restenosis and mortality rates in PAD patients. Methods: This retrospective single-center study was conducted at a tertiary hospital between March 2020 and May 2023. Patients admitted to our catheterization laboratory for percutaneous coronary intervention for PAD were enrolled. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was restenosis. Results: A total of 418 participants were enrolled, including 211 in the study group and 207 in the control group. The average follow-up period was 20.80 +/- 10.11 months. During the follow-up period, 39 patients (18.5%) died and restenosis occurred in 37 patients (17.5%). The mortality rate was significantly higher in the patients with high SII, SIRI, NLR, and PLR (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). No significant correlations were found between SII, SIRI, NLR, PLR, and restenosis (all p > 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only NLR was found to be an independent risk factor for mortality [(odds ratio) 6.91, 95% confidence interval: 3.18-14.99, p = 0.001]. Conclusions: The SII, SIRI, NLR, and PLR were higher in non-survivors, and NLR was independently associated with mortality in patients with PAD.