Autologous Peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Synergizes with αβ T Cell Through Antigen Presentation and BTN3A1 Blockade in Immunotherapy of Cervical Cancer

New treatment strategies are urgently needed for patients with advanced cervical cancer (CC). Here, a synergistic anti-CC effect of a novel combinatorial immunotherapy with adoptively transferred autologous V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells and alpha beta T cells is shown. The pivotal role of both circulating and tumor-infiltrating V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells in anti-CC immunity is uncovered. Importantly, autologous V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells show a synergistic anti-CC effect with alpha beta T cells not only through killing tumor directly, but also by promoting the activation and tumoricidal activity of syngeneic alpha beta T cells through antigen presentation, which can be further boosted by conventional chemotherapy. Moreover, V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells can restore the tumoricidal function of alpha beta T cell through competitively binding to BTN3A1, a TCR-V gamma 9V delta 2 ligand on CC cells upregulated by IFN-gamma derived from activated alpha beta T cell. These findings uncover a critical synergistic effect of autologous V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells and alpha beta T cells in immunotherapy of CC and reveal the underlying mechanisms.