Endometrial hyperplasia: a narrative review on its pathogenesis, risk factors and diagnosis

Endometrial hyperplasia with or without atypia is a common gynecological diagnosis and serve as precursor to endometrial carcinoma. During the reproductive years, the risk of developing endometrial hyperplasia is related to ovulatory disorders. In menopause and postmenopause, endometrial hyperplasia is linked to factors such as obesity, estrogen replacement therapy, and others. This narrative study aims to review and analyze the pathogenesis, risk factors, and different diagnostic methods related to endometrial hyperplasia. The literature from 1970 and November 2024 was reviewed in the Latin American and international bibliography using electronic databases such as Pub-Med, Google Scholar, Springer, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scielo, Imbiomed-L, Redalyc, and Latindex, among others.