Characterization of a New Hybrid Compound (C3H8N6)2ZnCl4<middle dot>2Cl: X-ray Structure, Hirshfeld Surface, Vibrational, Thermal Stability, Dielectric Relaxation, and Electrical Conductivity

A novel organic-inorganic material (C3H8N6)2ZnCl4<middle dot>2Cl was synthesized via a slow evaporation approach and subjected to extensive characterization. Techniques involving X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX, Hirshfeld surface examination, IR/Raman spectroscopy, thermal behavior (TG/DTG/SDTA and DSC), and electric and dielectric studies were applied. Examination of the crystal structure reveals that the synthesized material adopts a monoclinic system, particularly belonging to the P21/c space group with unit cell parameters a = 11.7274(3) & Aring;, b = 6.2155(2) & Aring;, c = 25.7877(8) & Aring;, beta = 94.27(1)degrees, V = 1874.50(4) & Aring;3, and Z = 4. Purity confirmation was established via powder X-ray diffraction analysis. Composition verification was conducted using semiquantitative EDXS analysis. The asymmetric unit comprises isolated tetrachlorozincate [ZnCl4]2- anions, two (C3H8N6)2+ organic cations, and two free chlorine atoms, forming a 0D anionic network. N-H<middle dot><middle dot><middle dot>Cl and N-H<middle dot><middle dot><middle dot>N hydrogen bonding combined to form a 2D hydrogen-bonded network, maintaining crystal stability. Hirshfeld surface analysis elucidated intermolecular interactions, supported by 2D fingerprint plots. IR and Raman spectra analysis corroborated compound characteristics at room temperature. Thermal analysis revealed two phase transitions at 343 and 358 K, consistent with dielectric studies. Impedance spectroscopy highlighted the compound's electrical properties, confirming thermal transitions. Conductivity studies exhibited an Arrhenius behavior. Frequency-dependent dielectric constant variations and modulus studies underscored grain and grain boundary effects, confirming the effective protonic conduction in the material.