The dual lens of objectification: Perceived objectification, male partners' reported objectification, and women's detrimental sexual outcomes

Objectification theory posits that women are treated merely as a body, valued for its use, pleasure and consumption by and for others, mainly men. Women are also disadvantaged relative to men when it comes to sexually pleasurable experiences, including lower orgasm rates and a higher burden of performing sexual emotional labour (e.g., faking orgasm, performing desire for the partner, tolerating discomfort or pain during sex). We tested the hypothesis that objectification within romantic relationships (i.e., partner-objectification) may contribute to this tendency. Using data from 160 heterosexual couples, we aimed to explore how women's self-objectification, perceived partner-objectification, and men's self-reported partner-objectification are related to women's orgasm rates and performance of sexual emotional labour. Self-objectification predicted women's performance of sexual emotional labour but did not predict women's orgasm rates. Our results further indicate that to the extent that women perceived themselves as being objectified by their male partner, they tend to report lower orgasm rates and greater performance of emotional labour. However, men's self-reported partner-objectification did not. These findings suggest that women's meta-perceptions are of greater importance for women's sexual well-being than men's self-reports. The research has implications for societal interventions aimed at preventing the consequences of partner-objectification, as well as for discussions in sex and relationship therapy for couples.