Some basics and details for better dual-ion batteries

In the pursuit of sustainable energy, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized storage solutions and advanced the development of electric vehicles. However, as LIBs near their energy density limits and face raw material shortages, a critical challenge arises: enhancing battery life without compromising cost-effectiveness. This review introduces dual-ion batteries (DIBs) as an emerging technology to address these issues, garnering attention for their high operational voltages, excellent safety, and environmentally friendly nature. The development trajectory of DIBs is delineated with a deep dive into unexplored foundational details, including operational principles, battery potential, capacity characteristics, energy density, and electrolyte usage. The potential of interface engineering and high-stability electrolytes is emphasized, including cathode electrolyte interphases (CEIs), electrochemical stability windows (ESW), and solvation structures. We provide a comprehensive discussion of different types of DIB systems and, in the final part, also discuss the latest advancements and prospects for DIBs in quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs). This review maps out strategies to overcome existing bottlenecks, highlighting the critical importance of fundamental and detailed research to propel the practical application of DIB technology, foster a more sustainable battery ecosystem, and strengthen the drive toward renewable energy transformation.