Exploring the community pharmacist's knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding adverse drug reactions and its reporting in the United Arab Emirates: a survey-based cross-sectional study

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) contribute significant clinical and economic burden to the country's healthcare system globally. Prompt reporting of ADRs by the community pharmacist is essential to the active pharmacovigilance program. Objectives: This study assesses private community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) about ADRs and reporting. Design: A cross-sectional, qualitative study was performed using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire. Methods: This self-administered questionnaire was conducted at community pharmacies between March and July 2022. The data collected were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests to examine the differences in overall KAP scores with a subgroup of sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the predictors of practice. Results: In total, 156 fully completed questionnaires were collected by the community pharmacists. A positive association between the designation, qualification, and work experience with the total scores of the respondents was observed (p < 0.05). Among the predictors of ADR reporting practice, a significant association was observed with knowledge score (>= 6, p = 0.0219), designation (pharmacists, p = 0.0102), qualification (masters, p = 0.0002), and work experience (>= 11 years, p = 0.0184). Most community pharmacists had good knowledge and attitude but poor practice toward reporting ADRs. Uncertainty of how and where to report, lack of training, lack of reporting forms, and insufficient clinical knowledge were the practice-based barriers in the ADR reporting process. Conclusion: Though the study found sufficient understanding and favorable views on ADR reporting, participants reported poor practices and barriers to reporting ADR. Therefore, structured continuing professional development programs for community pharmacists are needed to overcome the barriers and enhance the practice of ADR reporting.