First Time-Resolved Leader Spectra Associated With a Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flash Detected at the Telescope Array Surface Detector

被引：0

作者：

Kieu, N. ^{[1
]}

Abbasi, R. U. ^{[1
]}

Saba, M. M. F. ^{[2
]}

Belz, J. W. ^{[3
,4
]}

Krehbiel, P. R. ^{[5
]}

Stanley, M. A. ^{[5
]}

Gordillo-Vazquez, F. J. ^{[6
]}

Passas-Varo, M. ^{[6
]}

Warner, T. ^{[7
]}

Rison, W. ^{[5
]}

Rodeheffer, D. ^{[5
]}

da Silva, D. R. ^{[2
]}

Mazzucco, D. ^{[1
]}

Knight, T. ^{[1
]}

Cruz, I. T. ^{[2
]}

Remington, J. ^{[3
,4
,8
]}

Mazich, J. ^{[1
]}

LeVon, R. ^{[3
,4
]}

Smout, K. ^{[3
,4
]}

Petrizze, A. ^{[3
,4
]}

Abu-Zayyad, T. ^{[1
,3
,4
]}

Allen, M. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bergman, D. R. ^{[3
,4
]}

Buckland, I. ^{[3
,4
]}

Campbell, W. ^{[3
,4
]}

Cheon, B. G. ^{[9
,10
]}

Endo, K. ^{[11
]}

Fedynitch, A. ^{[12
,13
]}

Fujii, T. ^{[11
,14
]}

Fujisue, K. ^{[12
,13
]}

Fujita, K. ^{[12
]}

Fukushima, M. ^{[12
]}

Furlich, G. ^{[3
,4
]}

Gerber, Z. ^{[3
,4
]}

Globus, N. ^{[15
,16
]}

Hanlon, W. ^{[3
,4
]}

Hayashida, N. ^{[17
]}

He, H. ^{[15
,18
]}

Hibino, K. ^{[17
]}

Higuchi, R. ^{[15
]}

Ikeda, D. ^{[17
]}

Ishii, T. ^{[19
]}

Ivanov, D. ^{[3
,4
]}

Jeong, S. ^{[20
]}

Jui, C. C. H. ^{[3
,4
]}

Kadota, K. ^{[21
]}

Kakimoto, F. ^{[17
]}

Kalashev, O. ^{[22
]}

Kasahara, K. ^{[23
]}

Kawachi, Y. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] Loyola Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL USA

[2] Natl Inst Space Res INPE, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil

[3] Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT USA

[4] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT USA

[5] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Langmuir Lab Atmospher Res, Socorro, NM USA

[6] Inst Astrofi Andalucia IAA, Granada, Spain

[7] ZT Res, Rapid City, SD USA

[8] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA

[9] Hanyang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea

[10] Hanyang Univ, Res Inst Nat Sci, Seoul, South Korea

[11] Osaka Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka, Japan

[12] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan

[13] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan

[14] Osaka Metropolitan Univ, Nambu Yoichiro Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Osaka, Japan

[15] RIKEN, Astrophys Big Bang Lab, Wako, Saitama, Japan

[16] Stanford Univ, KIPAC, Stanford, CA USA

[17] Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

[18] Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing, Peoples R China

[19] Univ Yamanashi, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Med & Engn, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan

[20] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon, South Korea

[21] Tokyo City Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan

[22] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia

[23] Shibaura Inst Technol, Fac Syst Engn & Sci, Tokyo, Japan

[24] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY USA

[25] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Daejeon, South Korea

[26] Shinshu Univ, Acad Assembly Sch Sci & Technol Inst Engn, Nagano, Japan

[27] Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka, Japan

[28] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Phys Theor, Brussels, Belgium

[29] Yonsei Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea

[30] Univ Nova Gorica, Ctr Astrophys & Cosmol, Nova Gorica, Slovenia

[31] Kochi Univ, Fac Sci, Kochi, Japan

[32] Chubu Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan

[33] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Quantum ICT Adv Dev Ctr, Tokyo, Japan

[34] Natl Ctr Nucl Res, Div Astrophys, Warsaw, Poland

[35] Univ Lodz, Sch Exact & Nat Sci, Lodz, Poland

[36] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow, Russia

[37] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Phys, Ulsan, South Korea

[38] Univ Tokyo, Earthquake Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan

[39] Hiroshima City Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci, Hiroshima, Japan

[40] KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Ibaraki, Japan

[41] Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys, CEICO, Prague, Czech Republic

来源：

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES | 2024年 / 129卷 / 24期

基金：

日本学术振兴会; 巴西圣保罗研究基金会; 瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 新加坡国家研究基金会;

关键词：

lightning leader spectroscopy; TGFs ground-based observations; TGF optical emissions; high-speed camera; RUNAWAY BREAKDOWN; ELECTRIC-FIELD; GROUND-LEVEL; EMISSIONS; MECHANISM; BURSTS;

D O I：

10.1029/2024JD041720

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

Optical emissions associated with Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs) have recently become important subjects in space-based and ground-based observations as they can help us understand how TGFs are produced during thunderstorms. In this paper, we present the first time-resolved leader spectra of the optical component associated with a downward TGF. The TGF was observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) simultaneously with other lightning detectors, including a Lightning Mapping Array (LMA), an INTerFerometer (INTF), a Fast Antenna (FA), and a spectroscopic system. The spectroscopic system recorded leader spectra at 29,900 frames per second (33.44 mu s time resolution), covering a spectral range from 400 to 900 nm, with 2.1 nm per pixel. The recordings of the leader spectra began 11.7 ms before the -18 kA return stroke and at a height of 2.37 km above the ground. These spectra reveal that optical emissions of singly ionized nitrogen and oxygen occur between 167 mu s before and 267 mu s after the TGF detection, while optical emissions of neutrals (H I, 656 nm; N I, 744 nm, and O I, 777 nm) occur right at the moment of the detection. The timedependent spectra reveal differences in the optical emissions of lightning leaders with and without downward TGFs. Plain Language Summary Spectroscopy is a powerful tool in lightning research, as it enables the identification of chemical components within the lightning channel. In this study, we present time-resolved leader spectra of the optical components associated with a downward TGF detection. The chemical makeup of these optical emissions includes nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen, along with measurements of their intensities and lifetimes. This marks the first time that spectroscopic optical components of lightning leaders associated with downward TGFs have been recorded. Optical emissions of ions appear before and after the detection of the TGF while optical emissions of neutrals appear at the moment of the TGF detection.

引用

页数：13

共 4 条

[1] Intermediate Fluence Downward Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes as Observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector
Abbasi, R. U.
Kieu, N.
Krehbiel, P. R.
Belz, J. W.
Saba, M. M. F.
Rison, W.
Stanley, M. A.
Rodeheffer, D.
Mazzucco, D.
Knight, T.
da Silva, D. R.
Cruz, I. T.
Remington, J.
Mazich, J.
LeVon, R.
Smout, K.
Petrizze, A.
Mattos, E.
Abu-Zayyad, T.
Allen, M.
Arimura, R.
Barcikowski, E.
Bergman, D. R.
Blake, S. A.
Buckland, I.
Cheon, B. G.
Chikawa, M.
Fujii, T.
Fujisue, K.
Fujita, K.
Fujiwara, R.
Fukushima, M.
Furlich, G.
Globus, N.
Gonzalez, R.
Hanlon, W.
Hayashida, N.
He, H.
Hibino, K.
Higuchi, R.
Honda, K.
Ikeda, D.
Inoue, N.
Ishii, T.
Ito, H.
Ivanov, D.
Iwakura, H.
Iwasaki, A.
Jeong, H. M.
Jeong, S.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2024, 129 (24)
[2] First High-Speed Video Camera Observations of a Lightning Flash Associated With a Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flash
Abbasi, R. U.
Saba, M. M. F.
Belz, J. W.
Krehbiel, P. R.
Rison, W.
Kieu, N.
da Silva, D. R.
Stanley, M. A.
Rodeheffer, Dan
Remington, J.
Mazich, J.
LeVon, R.
Smout, K.
Petrizze, A.
Abu-Zayyad, T.
Allen, M.
Arimura, R.
Barcikowski, E.
Bergman, D. R.
Blake, S. A.
Buckland, I.
Cheon, B. G.
Chikawa, M.
Fujii, T.
Fujisue, K.
Fujita, K.
Fujiwara, R.
Fukushima, M.
Furlich, G.
Globus, N.
Gonzalez, R.
Hanlon, W.
Hayashida, N.
He, H.
Hibino, K.
Higuchi, R.
Honda, K.
Ikeda, D.
Inoue, N.
Ishii, T.
Ito, H.
Ivanov, D.
Iwakura, H.
Iwasaki, A.
Jeong, H. M.
Jeong, S.
Jui, C. C. H.
Kadota, K.
Kakimoto, F.
Kalashev, O.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2023, 50 (14)
[3] BATSE observations of gamma-ray burst spectra. IV. Time-resolved high-energy spectroscopy
Preece, RD
Pendleton, GN
Briggs, MS
Mallozzi, RS
Paciesas, WS
Band, DL
Matteson, JL
Meegan, CA
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1998, 496 (02) : 849 - 862
[4] Determining a Lower Limit of Luminosity for the First Satellite Observation of a Reverse Beam Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash Associated With a Cloud to Ground Lightning Leader
Chaffin, Jeffrey M.
Pu, Yunjiao
Smith, David M.
Cummer, Steve
Splitt, Michael
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, 2023, 128 (18)

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