Research dynamics and applications of tracking technology and devices in solar energy utilization system

Solar energy has been widely used in industrial and agricultural production worldwide as a critical renewable energy source. Currently, solar power generation based on tracking technology has been commercially operated. However, the operation mode of this power generation system is characterized by high cost, low efficiency, and intermittency. To enable the tracking device to adjust the various working attitudes of the solar system more efficiently, realize the efficient capture of solar radiation, and significantly improve the efficiency of the integrated system for solar energy utilization, this paper outlines the development history of solar energy systems and their tracking devices; systematically elaborates, analyzes, and summarizes the tracking devices from single/ dual-axis tracking modes and tracking methods (active, passive, semi-passive, manual, and time); and discusses the challenges faced by solar energy tracking technology from the perspectives of cost-effectiveness, environmental adaptability, and energy efficiency. Prospective insights into the future development trend of solar tracking technology in the fields of intelligence and automation, multi-energy integration and synergistic development, and low-cost are provided. Finally, relevant theoretical insights and technical means are proposed, which can provide a scientific reference basis for the research and development of advanced solar tracking technology and the future development direction.