Potential of Glycyrrhiza in the prevention of colitis-associated colon cancer

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Glycyrrhiza, a legume native to the Mediterranean region, has a long history of ethnomedicinal use in China. Due to its antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antiulcer, and hepatoprotective properties, Glycyrrhiza is widely utilized in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of the review: The specific mechanisms of the main active constituents of glycyrrhiza in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, precancerous lesions and colorectal cancer at all stages of the colitis-associated colon cancer "Inflammation-Dysplasia-Cancer" sequence, as well as its pharmacokinetics, toxicology, formulation improvements, and application studies, are reviewed to provide new insights and perspectives on glycyrrhiza as a dietary supplement to treat and prevent colitis-associated colon cancer. Materials and methods: Information on Glycyrrhiza was retrieved from electronic databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. Results: Glycyrrhiza is a well-established medicinal plant with significant potential for applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries. Over 400 active constituents have been identified in Glycyrrhiza, including terpenoids, flavonoids, isoflavones, coumarins, and polyphenols. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Glycyrrhiza and its active compounds can inhibit the "Inflammation-Dysplasia-Cancer" progression of colitis associated colon cancer by mitigating inflammatory bowel disease, reducing the number of intestinal precan- cerous lesions, and counteracting colorectal cancer. Furthermore, derivatives and nanocarriers are crucial for the effective treatment of colitis-associated colon cancer using Glycyrrhiza and its active constituents. Conclusion: In conclusion, Glycyrrhiza is a plant with both medicinal and nutritional value, making it a potential food ingredient and dietary supplement for the treatment of colitis-associated colon cancer.