A shear deformable shell model for dynamic performance of light-weight and advanced sport balls

The present study investigates the oscillation characteristics of a sport ball that is modeled as a doubly curved shell that is made of a nanocomposite material consisting of functionally graded graphene platelets and metal foams. The shell is immersed on a Kerr basis, which is an elastic foundation with three parameters. The organization of the pores and the dispersion of the graphene platelets throughout the thickness of the model are considered based on the stated functionality. The Halpin-Tsai and expanded rule of mixture micromechanical models are employed to determine the effective mechanical property values. Once the motion equations are established, the frequencies are derived using the analytical method, which is especially efficient for shells with simply supported edges. The investigation takes into account and deals with the effects of different influences on the natural frequencies. The results could serve as a benchmark for future research. Given the absence of comparable research in the existing literature, the findings of this study can serve as a standard for future investigations.