The impact of high-intensity interval training on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and muscle function in a PCOS rat model

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders . This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on insulin resistance, oxidative stress, soleus muscle function, and myokine levels in a PCOS rat model. Female rats were assigned to four groups: Control, PCOS, PCOS+Exercise, and Exercise (n=15 each). PCOS was induced by subcutaneous administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 3 weeks, and exercise groups underwent HIIT for 12 weeks. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum oxidative stress markers, hormone levels (FSH, LH), soleus myokine expression, and muscle function were analyzed. Results showed that the PCOS group exhibited increased blood pressure and insulin resistance compared to controls, with a significant reduction in FSH and LH levels in the PCOS+Exercise group. Exercise improved insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin resistance in the PCOS+Exercise group. Serum oxidative stress markers did not differ significantly between groups. Soleus muscle IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in the PCOS+Exercise group. Histological analysis revealed a larger cross-sectional area of the soleus muscle in the PCOS+Exercise group compared to the PCOS group, suggesting improved muscle morphology. Furthermore, exercise improved the functional capacity of soleus muscles, as evidenced by weightlifting performance. These findings indicate that HIIT has beneficial effects on insulin resistance, reproductive hormone levels in PCOS. Exercise also shows potential in slowing oocyte loss and improving follicle health, highlighting its role as a therapeutic intervention for reproductive health in PCOS. This study suggests that HIIT could be a beneficial approach for managing PCOS, and further research is needed to better understand its underlying mechanisms and potential long-term benefits.