Personalized therapy using drug delivery devices

Automated Drug Delivery (ADD) systems refer to advanced medical technologies and methods designed to transfer pharmaceutical compounds to specific sites within the body in an automated, controlled, precise, and efficient manner. These systems aim to reduce side effects, prevent over-dosage, and improve patient adherence to treatment regimens; moreover, they bring relaxation to healthcare providers through automated quality assurance. ADD systems have become demanding components in achieving personalized therapy and precision medicine. Technology currently allows to automatically medicate people with portable devices. Drug delivery devices are available, but the sensors need further development and testing to enable safe and more accurate measurements in the future. Exploiting the potential in ADD systems requires the application of control theory. This paper reviews the currently available drug delivery devices and examines how our existing control algorithms may enhance a wearable system. We discuss algorithms for both impulsive therapy and continuous therapy, covering the possible applications. Copyright (C) 2024 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)