CRIRES+ transmission spectroscopy of WASP-127 b: Detection of the resolved signatures of a supersonic equatorial jet and cool poles in a hot planet

被引：6

作者：

Nortmann, L. ^{[1
]}

Lesjak, F. ^{[1
]}

Yan, F. ^{[2
]}

Cont, D. ^{[3
,4
]}

Czesla, S. ^{[5
]}

Lavail, A. ^{[6
]}

Rains, A. D. ^{[7
]}

Nagel, E. ^{[1
]}

Boldt-Christmas, L. ^{[7
]}

Hatzes, A. ^{[5
]}

Reiners, A. ^{[1
]}

Piskunov, N. ^{[7
]}

Kochukhov, O. ^{[7
]}

Heiter, U. ^{[7
]}

Shulyak, D. ^{[8
]}

Rengel, M. ^{[9
]}

Seemann, U. ^{[10
]}

机构：

[1] Georg August Univ, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[2] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Astron, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China

[3] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Sternwarte, Fak Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

[4] Exzellenzcluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[5] Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany

[6] Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, CNRS, IRAP UMR 5277, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France

[7] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[8] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, Granada 18008, Spain

[9] Max Planck Inst Sonnensystemforschung, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany

[10] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2025年 / 693卷

基金：

瑞典研究理事会;

关键词：

techniques: spectroscopic; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planets and satellites: individual: WASP-127b; HD; 189733; B; EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES; DAYSIDE ATMOSPHERE; ORBITAL MOTION; JUPITER; WINDS; ROTATION; NEPTUNE; SODIUM; WATER;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202450438

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. General circulation models of gas giant exoplanets predict equatorial jets that drive inhomogeneities in the atmospheric physical parameters across the planetary surface. Aims. We studied the transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-127 b during one transit in the K band with CRIRES+. Methods. Telluric and stellar signals were removed from the data using SYSREM and the planetary signal was investigated using the cross-correlation technique. After detecting a spectral signal indicative of atmospheric inhomogeneities, we employed a Bayesian retrieval framework with a two-dimensional modelling approach tailored to address this scenario. Results. We detected strong signals of H2O and CO, which exhibited not one but two distinct cross-correlation peaks. The doublepeaked signal can be explained by a supersonic equatorial jet and muted signals at the planetary poles, with the two peaks representing the signals from the planet's morning and evening terminators. We calculated an equatorial jet velocity of 7.7 +/- 0.2 km s(-1) from our retrieved overall equatorial velocity and the planet's tidally locked rotation, and derive distinct atmospheric properties for the two terminators as well as the polar region. Our retrieval yields a solar C/O ratio and metallicity, and shows that the muted signals from the poles can be explained by either significantly lower temperatures or a high cloud deck. It provides tentative evidence for the morning terminator to be cooler than the evening terminator by -175(-117)(+133) K. Conclusions. Our detection of CO challenges previous non-detections of this species in WASP-127b's atmosphere. The presence of a clear double-peaked signal highlights the importance of taking planetary three-dimensional structure into account during interpretation of atmospheric signals. The measured supersonic jet velocity and the lack of signal from the polar regions, representing a detection of latitudinal inhomogeneity in a spatially unresolved target, showcases the power of high-resolution transmission spectroscopy for the characterisation of global circulation in exoplanet atmospheres.

引用

页数：20

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